Рассматривается случай латвийского города Кулдига с точки зрения того, как поддержание жизни в небольшом и исторически интересном поселении встроено в политические и экономические процессы, протекающие в масштабах, далеко превосходящих городской. Разбираются итоги полевой работы автора в этом городе, проведенной летом 2015 г., в ходе которой выявлено противоречие между надеждами властей на привлечение туристов и продолжающимся отъездом местных людей из города. ; The article focuses on the case of the small Latvian town of Kuldiga. It considers how life in this historically significant town is embedded into the political and economic processes unfolding on a scale that far exceeds the town limits. The author summarizes her fieldwork in this town conducted in the summer of 2015, in the course of which she identified a contradiction between the authorities' hope to attract tourists and the ongoing out-migration from the town.
Статья посвящена тем вариантам понимания культурного и социального разнообразия, что связаны с противоречиями неолиберального капитализма и их проявлениями в государственной и местной политике. В центре статьи аргумент о глобальном и национальном использовании культурного разнообразия. Он рассмотрен в контексте осмысления связи миграции и креативности, в частности урбанистом Р. Флорида. Показано, что позитивные, в частности либеральные, коннотации культурного разнообразия используются не только в политических, но и экономических целях. ; The article deals with those concepts of cultural and social diversity which are linked to the contradictions of the neoliberal capitalism and their expressions in the national and local politics. The article is centered around the argument about the global and national mobilization of cultural diversity. This argument is considered in the context of analysis of the connections among migration and creativity conducted, in part, by the urbanist Richard Florida. The article demonstrates that the positive, liberal connotations of the concept «cultural diversity» are being used in both political and economic purposes. Diversity is defined in the article as the coexistence of different groups within the geographical formations, i.e. countries, regions and cities. Cultural diversity is defined as, first, coexistence of bearers of different cultures in a city or in a country and, second, as the human condition which has to be defended from various threats, including the globalization with its tendency to homogenize cultures. The article is informed by the argument made by an anthropologist Arjun Appadurai who speaks about «the conscious mobilization of cultural differences in the service of a larger national or transnational politics» (Appadurai, 1996: 15). The article argues that diversity is understood today normatively, that is as something to be concerned about, to defend and to feel proud of. At the same time, diversity is accessed instrumentally, namely, as such trait of a city or a country which amplifies their functionality. Based on the theories of urban growth and urban politics as well as on the academic texts on nationalism, neoliberalism and migration, the article posits two interrelated ideas. First, while the city is justifiably thought about as the space which unites the members of multicultural societies; the links among urban and national scales of regulating of intercultural relationships have been changing today. The governmental rhetoric of hospitality and openness shouldn»t preclude us from understanding that the city is the main scale on which the principles of cultural diversity have been undermined. Second, Richard Florida and his followers» approach to cultural diversity is marked by selectivity and ignores the contradictions of urban migration. Florida argues for diversity understood as exotica, that is for the widening the scope of consumer choice for the wealthy clients. At the same time, the ethnic minorities often feel themselves helpless and their interests are seldom discussed in the urban or national public sphere. The conclusion is that the neoliberal policy of the urban governments based on the best practices promoted by the experts corresponds to the growth of neoliberal nationalism based on the propaganda of the national interests which hides the on-going realization of the economic and political interests of the elites.
The article is devoted to the ways in which the notion of resilience is debated in social sciences and humanities in Russia and abroad. The experience of co-organizing the conference "Junctures of Modernity: Individual and Social Resilience" (ISPN, UrFU, 25-26 March 2016) is taken into consideration. It is argued that the energetic appropriation of the notions of individual, collective and social resilience by the theories of crisis management, urban studies, sociology, and social psychology testifies to the usefulness of this notion for describing how countries, nations, military and other communities exist today. The notion of "scales of resilience" is introduced to systematize the on-going debate.Key words: resilience, concept of resilience, urban studies, crisis management, social science ; В статье рассматривается обсуждение жизнестойкости в российском и зарубежном социально-гуманитарном знании с учетом опыта организации международной междисциплинарной конференции «Стыки модерности: жизнестойкость личности и сообществ», проведенной ИСПН УрФУ 25–26 марта 2016 г. Энергичное использование понятий индивидуальной, коллективной и социальной жизнестойкости в зарубежных теориях кризисного менеджмента, урбанистике, социологии, социальной психологии свидетельствует, что понятие обнаруживает свою нужность для описания жизни стран, наций, военных, этнических и иных сообществ. Введено понятие «шкал жизнестойкости» для систематизации имеющихся позиций.Ключевые слова: жизнестойкость, шкалы, модерность, постмодерность, катастрофы, кризис, менеджмент.
